Category: Electronics

Very Basic Electronics Concepts What are Valence Electrons Using Ohms Law Series, Parallel and Series/Parallel circuit resistance configuration types Kirchhoff’s-voltage-law,current-law, Thevenin’s theorem How to apply Thevenin’s Theorem Physical Resistors Resistor Color code and SMD code Specialty Resistors More terminology definitions and information regarding resistors Both theoretical and practical Capacitance The P N Junction PN junctions […]

    I will start from the very beginning with a little atomic theory. I will explain how it relates to basic-electronics concepts. Although atoms are made up of a number of smaller particles, only three are of primary interest for our purposes. The neutron, proton, and electron are the basic building blocks of the […]

The outer shell of the Atom is referred to as the Valence shell. The number of electrons in the Valence shell determines the electrical characteristics of a material. Electrical Current is defined as electrons in motion. A conductor is a material through which electric current can pass. An insulator is a substance or device that does not […]

  Symbols with engineered values are one thing but Physical Resistor creation is another. Technology is where the creation of actual resistors comes into play. The opposition to current flow presented by a material is dependent on its conductivity, cross-sectional area, and applied voltage. Wire made from various metals, carbon composition, carbon film or metal […]

Plain and Specialty Resistors Plain resistors  and specialty resistors are both standardized.  Electronic Industries Association (EIA) specifies standard graphical Symbols, along with several other authorities.  Multiple standards exist for electrical and electronic schematic symbols. Component representations in drawings by individual, company, or even industrial engineers may vary. The Consumer Electronics symbols, Industrial Electronics, and Electrical symbols […]

Resistor values Reading Resistor values is an important item for engineering and technology training. Price and availability go into design dissensions as well as the fabrication of prototypes. The resistor color code relatively easy to commit to memory. There are some common mnemonics for remembering the values assigned to the colors: The four and five […]

  Series, Parallel and Series/Parallel are the basic circuit resistance configuration types that you may encounter. The first is the easiest of the three: In a Series circuit resistance configuration. (The R subscript N means any number of parallel resistors)    Series Circuit Rules  1.  Total Resistance is the sum of the individual series resistances 2.  […]

Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) and Kirchhoff’s Current law (KCL) are used to analyze Direct current circuits. The polarity of the voltage across resistances is significant in circuit analysis. The current direction is another factor that may be needed in circuit analysis. Electron flow will be used in this discussion. The negative end of the voltage […]

  Capacitance Up to now the discussion has been primarily about resistance. We will concentrate on theoretical practical capacitance  in this post. .  First we need to review some terms and definitions.   When the Atoms of a material have less than four outer shell electrons (Valence electrons) the material is a conductor.  Materials made up […]

The E-Book includes a listing of two of the five categories of assembly language commands.  Also included is information on writing your program in a form of Basic or in C. The standard format for a PIC program is outlined along with links for several websites that provide specifics regarding the programming process.  Return to […]

Disclosure: This post contains affiliate links and I may be compensated if you make a purchase after clicking through one of my links. This post will cover the ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC OPERATIONS GROUP. Instructions for the PIC micro controller. The Arithmetic and logic operations of the micro controller (PIC) perform all math and logic internal functions. The […]

Forming the PN Junction Before explaining how the PN Junction works, a couple of concepts need to be clarified. When impurities are added to a semiconductor, the over all material is still neutral. The number of protons in the N or P material is still equal to the number of electrons in that material. What […]

Semiconductor Elements The primary materials used in the forming of transistors are classed as Semiconductors. The materials in this category include Silicon, and Germanium. What makes semiconductor atoms unique is that they have four valence (outer shell) electrons. Conductor atoms have less than four and insulator atoms have more than four. The maximum number of […]